tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58600493700796819222024-03-05T07:42:05.071+01:00urs grunder - life is art enoughUrs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-33338799220152780332014-07-29T14:09:00.001+02:002014-07-29T14:09:37.011+02:00the rating system of the brain<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGg-8oS_SqH6lfeQvgYmUOLkGWvJTH_jYI5v-_-Cm6AsmZ-oB2gKLcwS3N0SNtzDO91OGYiIu3SA4ANkYY_NdrxOYE5isgp887ok0YYLgLmPIunfTl7mzDZ87CXc1VFNwUTVagU8WX4HB2/s1600/zu+zweit+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGg-8oS_SqH6lfeQvgYmUOLkGWvJTH_jYI5v-_-Cm6AsmZ-oB2gKLcwS3N0SNtzDO91OGYiIu3SA4ANkYY_NdrxOYE5isgp887ok0YYLgLmPIunfTl7mzDZ87CXc1VFNwUTVagU8WX4HB2/s1600/zu+zweit+.jpg" height="640" width="422" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">zu zweit, 2011</td></tr>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the photo is called „zu zweit“ and i
took it on a hot day in summer of 2010 on the greek island of kefalonia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the rating system of the brain</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have already explained a few
basics concerning stress, emotional life and controlling the switch of consciousnees
in blog 6, 9, 12 and 13.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">all signals from our surroundings
are administered in the cortex and the limbic system through our five senses
(blog 10 and 12) and rated within 500 milliseconds. an inner picture of the
world is generated and immediately compared with good or painful previous
experiences. the biological axis of stress is immediately deployed if the
situation is comparable to a negative previous experience followed by anxiety.
interestingly, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">thoughts</b> and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">imagination</b> of a dangerous situation in
the future can already activate the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">axis
of stress</b>, which is very important for our struggle for survival (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">anticipation</b>). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">these ratings happen in the “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">center for emotional intelligence</b>”
(limbic system), primarily in the<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
amygdale, in the hippocampus and in the hypothalamus.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> hypothalamus</b>, an important <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">control
structure in the limbic system</b>, controls <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">hormonal</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">immunological</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">emotional</b> functions and is also
responsible for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">sleep</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">there are three types of responses
to stress:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
1. through
the sympathetic nervous system</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. through the
endoctrinal (hormonal) system </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
3. through
the immune system </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ad 1: general mobilization</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">production of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">crh</b> (cortico-releasing-hormone)
in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">hypothalamus </b>and in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">amygdale</b> with stimulation of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">locus coeruleus </b>and therefore release
of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">noradrenaline </b>in the brain (see
blog 12 – switch of consciousness). this leads to increased attention and
motivation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">at the same time, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">crh</b> stimulates the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">adrenal medulla</b> through the sympathetic nervous system to release <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">adrenaline</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">noradrenaline</b>. this stimulates the cardiovascular system and stress
symptoms in the brain as well as inflammatory reactions start increasing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ad 2: the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">crh</b> produced in the
amygdale and the hypothalamus stimulate the pituitary to produce <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">acth</b> (adrenocorticotropic hormone),
which stimulates the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">adrenal cortex</b>
to release <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cortisol</b>. this is how <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">energy</b> is provided. however, cortisol
is also a strong <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">immune regulator</b>
and <b>anti-inflammatory</b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">a strong
production of cortisol <b>restrains</b> production of <b>crh</b> and <b>acth</b>,
which gives vital protection and should prevent stress reactions from getting
out of control. <b>constant psychological stress</b> destroys this protection
after some time, leading to grave somatic consequences.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ad 3: <b>cortisol</b> blocks the production of
<b>cytokines (hormone-like messengers that are part of the unspecific defense)</b>,
like <b>interleukin 1</b> and<b> 8</b> as well as the <b>tumor necrosis factor</b>.
sensibility to infection increases, wound healing is slowing and the course of
disease in general is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">influenced<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> negatively.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">coronary
heart diseases, tumors, asthma, diabetes, skin diseases, the common cold and
herpes infections up to multiple sclerosis and the course of many other
diseases are negatively influenced or even caused by this.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">good stress managament</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> can make<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> these symptoms
go away, slowed down by <b>negative feedback mechanisms</b>. the <b>prefrontal
and orbitofronal cortex</b> (cognitive centers of rationality) thus dampen the
emotional </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">limbic<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> centers with the message: “</span>dont
worry, it's not the end of the world”.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">if only the amygdale, which reacts
even stronger to stress, would listen and play along!<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-33045007096438115832014-07-12T17:03:00.001+02:002014-07-12T17:03:08.225+02:00night gardens<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRW1G0-l_z-26-1o8wn5KXN5Rc79GBGm-Q-RBAOJXwWHfRUJuKUoALmucuIv4JPQNZGOrLvfxwKdXqwLrKsZuFPTPmgBtcLnVuHdK5mh-Op4sxpNy3OLEgklBq6il0mYbMA-mF5ckgs8jV/s1600/brenscino+5+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRW1G0-l_z-26-1o8wn5KXN5Rc79GBGm-Q-RBAOJXwWHfRUJuKUoALmucuIv4JPQNZGOrLvfxwKdXqwLrKsZuFPTPmgBtcLnVuHdK5mh-Op4sxpNy3OLEgklBq6il0mYbMA-mF5ckgs8jV/s1600/brenscino+5+.jpg" height="640" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">brenscino 5, 2014</td></tr>
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<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">in the garden of the hotel brenscino in
brissago</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">on the
hillside atop of brissago lies the parkhotel brenscino, where guests are
indulged with a wonderful view of lake maggiore and a huge garden.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the garden is
a gem, created and looked after with much love and expertise, an eldorado for
experiencing a rich biodiversity.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">during two
visits in the past four years, i took the opportunity to expand my night garden
series. equipped with an led-flashlight, i indefatigably strolled through the
garden after nightfall. i felt and enjoyed the comforting breeze of the night,
heard a rustle here and a chirp there, the garden lit by a magically beautiful
sky full of stars. i often moved the camera to create blurred images that would
depict the scenery even better.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the
difficult lighting conditions of the night are a challenge for every camera,
since poor lighting inevitably leads to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">speckling</b>
at a certain film speed (iso). speckling on a photograph that was taken with a
digital camera is a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">disturbance of
pixels</b> (elements sensitive to light) in brightness and color. this kind of
“coarseness” of the image is not comparable to the “grain” on analog high speed
film.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the bigger
a sensor of a camera is, the less speckling will be visible, because the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">size of each pixel</b> as well as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">gap between the pixels</b> increase with
the size of the sensor. while smaller sensors already show speckling at iso 800,
this does not happen with larger sensors until iso 3200 or even iso 6400. it is
therefore important to pay attention to the size of a sensor when buying a
camera, depending on the individual’s demands and expectations in picture
quality.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">speckling
can, however, also be used intentionally. in certain situations, i personally
appreciate the additional effect of blurriness and the thus achieved intensification
of a mystical appearance of the photograph.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">add the
moon to this scenery and you feel as if you were in a midsummer night's dream.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the
exposition shows selected photographs from the past four years and is open
until july 17, 2014. a portfolio containing the night garden images is also
available.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-9570595319006813042014-07-12T16:56:00.000+02:002014-07-12T16:56:24.817+02:00stress<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfocq4MzMeLlfqtFy_HR-QmmRVP42SUMSgKnfh5wl1DZU9wqX9fzxdqObJRkuAeXnmXhcmOMxAdbc_wsy5OUlqyMzX2welG8zZDND5P-Uu5gDl8s-OX6VLwwdf66JosEBeUAXZQt9Wm9Rz/s1600/sunrise+over+rapperswil+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfocq4MzMeLlfqtFy_HR-QmmRVP42SUMSgKnfh5wl1DZU9wqX9fzxdqObJRkuAeXnmXhcmOMxAdbc_wsy5OUlqyMzX2welG8zZDND5P-Uu5gDl8s-OX6VLwwdf66JosEBeUAXZQt9Wm9Rz/s1600/sunrise+over+rapperswil+.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">moonrise over rapperswil, 2008</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the photo
is called “moonrise over rapperswil” and was taken on a warm summer's evening.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">stress</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the word
stress is on everyone’s lips, but also in every brain, body and heart. even the
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">world health organization</b> calls it
the largest health threat of the 21<sup>st</sup> century.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">stress
researcher hans selye described stress as a response and adjustment reaction of
the body via the brain to an emotional or physical imbalance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">how many
times have we longed for a break, but ignored our needs and kept on working instead
of taking a rest? this leads to a release of stress hormones that help us to
suppress symptoms of the exhaustion setting in, we can even increase our
performance for a short time – we are “high” on hormones. we often stimulate
our system with pick-me-ups like caffeine, nicotine or alcohol. however, after
some time, dysfunctions such as reduced brain performance and reduced learning
ability with higher error rates or general inefficiency set in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the body gradually starts to rebel and
various <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">psychosomatic disease patterns</b>
appear.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">every
occurrence of stress leads to a stress reaction, which leads to a depressed
mood on an <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">emotional level</b>, to signs
of exhaustion on a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">physiological-hormonal
level</b> and for instance to lack of concentration on a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cognitive level</b>. heavy stress results in a blockade, we are jumpy,
grow stiff and find it difficult to think. test anxiety ,for example, makes
everything that one has studied for disappear. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">we either
manage to overcome stress or stress overcomes us, while the latter – as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">constant psychological stress</b> – can
lead to serious secondary diseases.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">until now,
i have talked about stress in connection with overwork. i am convinced that
signs of overwork (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">burnout</b>) and the correspondent
sequelae are mainly of other origin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">constant psychological stress </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">should rather be called “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">relationship stress</b>”, it is man in
relation to himself and his environment, with all tasks raining in on him as
well as challenges and harm (traumata).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">constant
psychological stress occurs when <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">strains</b>
seem impossible to overcome from a subjective point of view, when one’s own
social position and identity are about to be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">redefined</b> or – and this is very important – after experiencing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">traumata</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">psychobiology
knows two types of stress, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">distress</b> and
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">eustress</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">distress</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> is known as the negative, threatening and
morbid type, while <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">eustress </b>embodies
the positive and challenging and is important for our motivation of being and
creativity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">by the way,
too little stress is just as harmful as is too much stress.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">psychobiological healing</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> can only be achieved by reducing
stress, not only by reducing one’s work load for example, but mainly by general
reduction or elimination of the often underlying and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">subconsciously</b> operating causative <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">traumata</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">why do
people react differently to the same stressful occurrence? stress tolerance apparently
increases through <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">experience of stress</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">expectation of stress</b> or if i
can see a (divine) “sense” in the event that traumatized me, i.e. after a
natural disaster.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">recognizing
stress factors at an early stage and immediately eliminating them as well as
accepting challenges that make us happy keeps us healthy and content. this is
best achieved through the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">positive
experience of mastering a challenge</b>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-64434463492681757392014-06-04T19:20:00.001+02:002014-06-04T19:20:31.759+02:00the switch of consciousness<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhRtVjp3byi7vl5e8eS-rJcbQe314GZ0D2FovEoKEXbXgWgsjf-aoS-EllA2rqYgH-zU5J-qB0HhSAEnUJS-bzraH568l1PJPU4RHiQ5YO0fd4uAh20xLi1fiuoK4ElVGSzL9EYppaMpsO/s1600/lampenwinker+4aa+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhRtVjp3byi7vl5e8eS-rJcbQe314GZ0D2FovEoKEXbXgWgsjf-aoS-EllA2rqYgH-zU5J-qB0HhSAEnUJS-bzraH568l1PJPU4RHiQ5YO0fd4uAh20xLi1fiuoK4ElVGSzL9EYppaMpsO/s1600/lampenwinker+4aa+.jpg" height="640" width="422" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">the switch of consciousness, 2014</td></tr>
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<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">i took the photo
“the switch of consciousness” in the halls of the old secondary school (progymnasium,
called progr) in berne as a part of a private project i’ve been pursuing for
the past four years.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">switch of consciousness</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">i’m
referring to blog 6 on the topic of creativity, blog 9 about neurochemical
connections and blog 10 on the topic of memory and conscious and subconscious
storage.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">brain
research is trying to solve one of the last big mysteries: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">consciousness</b>. but neither consciousness from a philosophical point
of view nor a certain part in the brain for consciousness exist, just like
there is no place for the soul in our body.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">consciousness
is a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">state</b> of deliberate experience
that i can tell people about.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">background consciousness</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> is based on my <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">emotional experiences</b> and shows me that this body is my body and
that i have my own identity. i can also differentiate between reality and my
thoughts and intentions. in short: i know that it is (only) me who thinks,
feels, experiences or even decides and acts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">actual consciousness</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> means that i, on the one hand,
notice occurrences in the environment or in my body through my senses and, on
the other hand, experience emotions and needs, i.e. hunger. this also includes
purely mental activities such as thinking and remembering.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">most of the
daily happenings, however, don’t require consciousness as our brain can process
many things that don’t even reach our consciousness. this is called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">implicit perception – implicit learning</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">explicit operation mode of consciousness</b>
is required when it comes to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">learning
new things</b> – this is even fostered by consciousness! learning new things is
achieved by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">creating neuronal lanes and
groups</b> (nerve cells are created and organized in new groups). the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">working memory (=cortex)</b> plays a key
role in this process. after the “roads” (lanes) have been <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">developed</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">strengthened</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">automated</b>, the activity of the
working memory is being reduced. with automatization, actual consciousness
turns into nothing but a limiting factor – everything is done unconsciously –
we can even do it in our sleep.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">since
sensations reach us faster than we can process them, we need a working memory
to buffer data. this is done with the help of the neurotransmitter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">dopamine</b> which i introduced to you when
talking about creativity in blog 6.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">this
information is stored in the cortex for a short amount of time until it has
been <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">analyzed</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">classified</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">compared to
previous experiences</b>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">dopamine
therefore ensures a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">slow, cognitive
processing</b> of information in the cortex. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the stress
hormone <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">noradrenaline</b> is released in
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">locus coeruleus (blue core)</b> in
times of stress and prevents the effect of dopamine. this causes the working
memory to turn itself off in favor of parts of the brain that are not part of
the cortex. noradrenaline thus fosters <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">fast,
analog processing of information</b> that is not accessible by our
consciousness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">stress</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> and the release of noradrenaline thus lead to
a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shift in the brain</b> from a
conscious, slow mode to a fast and subconscious one. noradrenaline is
incidentally a chemical precursor of dopamine – both are of importance for the
development of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">psychological illnesses</b>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the stress hormone noradrenaline in the blue
core plays an important role for shifting between consciousness and subconsciousness.
</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(noradrenaline is
also produced in the adrenal glands, where it leads to bodily stress reactions
in combination with adrenaline).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">unconsciously working brain structures</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, located deeply in the brain and
particularly in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">limbic system</b>, come
into effect in this way. switching off the working memory complicates or
precludes the learning process and with that our receptiveness and also
creativity. stress kills <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the ability to
think as well as creativity</b>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">among many
other structures, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">amygdala</b>
(almond core – memory for fear and feelings), the mesolimbic pathway with the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">nucleus accumbens</b> (luck and reward
system) and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">hippocampus</b> (sea horse
– the declarative, episodical long-term memory) are part of the limbic system<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">it is thus
not astonishing that our stress plagued society is severely suffering from
psychological and physical diseases, as though it seems that we turn off our
conscious control through our behavior and are thereby making way for automated
and morbid brain processes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">i will
continue talking about findings from stress and trauma research in future blog
posts. this will allow insights into how we are experiencing the world, how we
are guided and what possibilities we have to steer our boat ourselves. according
to findings in brain research and quantum physics, the extent of these possibilities
is, however, far from certain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sources:
gerhard roth, klaus grawe</span></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-56561615097675948292014-05-01T21:31:00.001+02:002014-05-01T21:31:10.206+02:00quadrophotography<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir8AVIbzaIDlSh-8C-86dWiE-kciimFqjW9_uMC4_twQkrCLlqlejt0e6DPMGDnZgfOF4RAZ-qELaDhflgaRliUru2j7cKTpC5aNcxOyqtaQ3gMZOzeksLLrcfJWZIJPwhlt2gFsYnwMxh/s1600/l+inconnu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir8AVIbzaIDlSh-8C-86dWiE-kciimFqjW9_uMC4_twQkrCLlqlejt0e6DPMGDnZgfOF4RAZ-qELaDhflgaRliUru2j7cKTpC5aNcxOyqtaQ3gMZOzeksLLrcfJWZIJPwhlt2gFsYnwMxh/s1600/l+inconnu.jpg" height="430" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">l'inconnu, 2001</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
dear followers</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">from now
on, my blog posts will be released triweekly. enjoy!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the photo
is called “l’inconnu” and is a nice example for creations produced by moving
the camera.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">actionsampler by lomo</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">this story
is similar to the one told in blog 8 about the i-pen. only now we’re going back
to the age of analog photography, sometime in 1997. once more, it occurred in
broad daylight, triggered by a mail order catalog. and trust me, i am anything
but fond of mail order catalogs, but the universe with its often strange
coincidences literally pushed me towards this object.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">a small miracle camera was advertised in this
catalog, surrounded by playing children and a grandmother with a broad and
jubilant smile. my interest was not really aimed at these laughing, happy
people, but more towards the reason for this overwhelming joy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the camera did not only have one lens, no, it
had four of them, arranged in a square. when triggering the shutter, a disk
with a hole in it starts turning behind the four lenses. the exposure process takes
about one second during which the disk with a hole in it behind the lenses is
turning, thereby letting light pass through each lens and exposing the 35mm
film behind it. on this small-size picture format of 24x36mm, four full images
instead of one are pictured in a correspondingly smaller format with the aim of
giving the prints away.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZbN1zFAeSLL3LaPRJO8Xa9X6J2YSgXgEM0qhVdwjAirKiUVpKIQYWL_39_TdSKB0p3ry4gMtsEXyAZCFwth03uUKpRSe1BT5Bpap2I8sRl34FJrqsBWbXja_lXqDaxz8zJo1PnBkGFH1G/s1600/Autoportrait+korrigiert+1+beschnitten.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZbN1zFAeSLL3LaPRJO8Xa9X6J2YSgXgEM0qhVdwjAirKiUVpKIQYWL_39_TdSKB0p3ry4gMtsEXyAZCFwth03uUKpRSe1BT5Bpap2I8sRl34FJrqsBWbXja_lXqDaxz8zJo1PnBkGFH1G/s1600/Autoportrait+korrigiert+1+beschnitten.jpg" height="320" width="241" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">this small plastic camera, which is basically
just some sort of pinhole camera with no possibility of changing settings,
immediately caught my attention. specifically the duration of one second to
take four pictures was screaming out for creative interpretation! the camera
was designed for capturing a moving object or an action scene. but what would
happen if i radically moved the camera itself during that one second?</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">i could barely await taking the first
snapshots. i was especially surprised and impressed by the high imaging
performance of the four miniature lenses, which is additionally attributed to
the strong wide-angle alignment of the lenses. enlargements up to the formats
din a2 or even din a1 are possible!</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the highlight, however, is the exposure time of
one second. i can either hold the camera steady and shoot four almost identical
photos. taking the same picture four times in a row already creates a special
artistic charm. but by quickly moving the camera, i will get four different
images with stronger or weaker blurriness caused by the movement. even though i
am quite fast for a native bernese man, i am much too slow for moving the
camera around when looking through the swiveling viewfinder while i am taking
the picture. i outsmart the system by aiming at the initial scene, then
pressing down the release while immediately and quickly moving the camera back
and forth through the air in a previously rehearsed loop.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">it does not take a lot of imagination to
picture the astonished faces of people around me that unwillingly witness a
special kind of performance as soon as the wild man whirls this small camera through
the air. a performance with an almost signeresque touch, albeit without
explosions and generally without destruction (roman signer is a swiss artist).</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">well, not quite – many “flying” cameras
inwardly disintegrated due to the spring that powers the ominous shutter disk,
busted by wild movement of the camera through the air. unfortunately, the
unsteady speed of this disk often makes one of the four pictures underexposed,
especially after one of the camera’s rapid “roller coaster rides”.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the whole system comes with all kicks as well
as all disadvantages of analog photography: the price of a film and the waiting
time until the film is developed. since this camera does not have an exposure
meter, the lighting conditions have to be estimated like photographers did one
hundred years ago. it is for that reason i always have two of these cameras
with me, one with a fast film and one with a slow film in it. this comes with
an additional advantage of having a spare camera in case the other one has been
“moved” to pieces.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">it took quite some time for me to find out that
this camera is part of the somewhat strange world of lomos and that the whole
thing is called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">lomography</b>. today, lomography
has a large fanbase that is strictly devoted to analog photography. berlin, for
example, and many other cities have large stores filled with lomo cameras for
all likings. you can find everything about the hype surrounding lomography at </span><a href="http://www.lomo.de/"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">www.lomo.de</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-58750191895012901552014-04-06T22:40:00.003+02:002014-04-06T22:40:26.355+02:00multi-faceted memory<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwsoPtamOiVJg0dROUbu910VbKk1J_AJDn23FP3PNd8iODjQIGUTV57eey55mF50_zqij5ULfgrkuRx8yDQkuLBRf2nx6K_QoZk2r9We1s1199EvO8rmfgbks951u_i0rTzOJYr7YN-z58/s1600/4+schatten+1a+runter+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwsoPtamOiVJg0dROUbu910VbKk1J_AJDn23FP3PNd8iODjQIGUTV57eey55mF50_zqij5ULfgrkuRx8yDQkuLBRf2nx6K_QoZk2r9We1s1199EvO8rmfgbks951u_i0rTzOJYr7YN-z58/s1600/4+schatten+1a+runter+.jpg" height="640" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">schattenfiguren, 2014</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
i did not post a blog entry on march 22 since i was away on vacation. i
was able to experience a wonderful journey through myanmar, cambodia and
thailand, which included many human, cultural, geographical and of course
photographical highlights.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
my website will be available in english starting monday. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">i would like to welcome all interested english
speakers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="DE-CH"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="DE-CH">multi-faceted memory<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
when looking at a photo, i can recognize people, a face, places or maybe
situations. this requires a memory that allows me to acquire, memorize or
retrieve information. that way i can remember experiences or plan my future
according to my assessment of previous experiences. one could call that
intelligent behavior (depending on the outcome).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the <b>short-term memory </b>memorizes
and remembers instantaneously, but only with limited capacity. the <b>long-term memory </b>possesses a high store
capacity with more stable memories. these are based on <b>synaptic plasticity</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the <b>long-term memory </b>can again
be divided into the <b>declarative,
explicit memory</b>, where facts, but also automated actions are memorized
(i.e. riding a bike, which is consciously learned at first and then turns into
an automated process). this is consequently about <b>relearning</b> and <b>unlearning</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the <b>procedural, implicit memory</b>
is about “knowing how to”. emotional reactions (being afraid of an animal) and
reflexes (closing your eyes in case of danger) are memorized here. the whole
process follows the principle of <span lang="DE-CH"><a href="http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/Pavlovian+conditioning.html" title="frequency: 0"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pavlovian conditioning</span></b></a></span>. this memorization aims at optimizing the chance
of survival.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
pavlov’s dog experiment works as follows: a bell sounds every time the
dogs are fed, and the view of the delicious food naturally makes their mouths
water. after some time the bell is rang without food being served – and this
still makes the dogs’ mouths water. this means that the dogs show a <b>conditioned reaction</b> to the sound of
the bell.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
stimuli and information from our environment, but also from our bodies
steadily enter our brain through our various senses. this could lead to
excessive stimulus of our brain (an epileptic fit can be viewed as such an
event). the brain keeps everything in order through the <b>thalamus</b>, the “gate” to the brain and the most important control
center, which filters out irrelevant stimuli. that way many neurons remain unstimulated
or are even debilitated. as long as i am strongly focusing on something, i am
fading out irrelevant things like traffic noise, but i quickly react when
someone calls my name.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
a single neuron does not “know”
anything. it is only groups of simultaneously activated neurons and their
pattern formation that gain significance. in the <b>learning process</b> – and life is one big learning process – the
involved neutrons group in specialized networks. as soon as one neuron has
activated another neuron repeatedly, new contact points are created, which in
addition become more sensitive and more stable (!), just as if the system would
remember previous stimulation. this is called <b>long-term potentiation (ltp)</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the nervous system is very adjustable, adaptive and self organized!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the brain memorizes everything, some consciously, but most of it
unconsciously. all our experiences, thoughts and imaginations, but also our
actions and their consequences and not least our emotions (saved in the <b>amygdala</b>, part of the limbic system,
deep inside the brain) determine our identity. just like we “rate” our past, it
influences our view on the present and our actions in the future. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
as a reminder: the <b>memory</b> as
such does not exist. there are only different systems of processing and
memorizing. memory therefore means that neuronal structures are being changed.
this is called <b>neuroplasticity</b> of
the brain.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="DE-CH"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="DE-CH">sources:
christof koch, manfred spitzer, gerhard roth, klaus grawe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-42175583709375422252014-04-06T22:37:00.004+02:002014-04-06T22:37:58.734+02:00the neurochemical foundation of our emotional life<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz313IgL2l2iICUF_S4dpjkqcOVhi0JsWKjcjRLfEXGpDLINFxkZltHjO39eGDI5atXDKaULVw9ICwpsAuV47oUeSkcMwVoAzEeqSZBM4Hh9a8QoPDwdwGPqy0uTC4_LiVGDL9Cur3-7LJ/s1600/a56++farborgie+1a+neu+A2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz313IgL2l2iICUF_S4dpjkqcOVhi0JsWKjcjRLfEXGpDLINFxkZltHjO39eGDI5atXDKaULVw9ICwpsAuV47oUeSkcMwVoAzEeqSZBM4Hh9a8QoPDwdwGPqy0uTC4_LiVGDL9Cur3-7LJ/s1600/a56++farborgie+1a+neu+A2.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">farbentanz, 2011</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the photo in blog 9 is
called “<b>farbentanz</b>” and was taken in
my backyard. once again, i was unable to hold the camera still, despite my usually
steady hand. all jokes aside, the picture is a nice result of blurring created
by moving the camera when using a low shutter speed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
blog 7 focused on <b>neural networks</b>. in today’s blog, i will
talk about the most important transmitters. they form the <b>foundation of our emotional life</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the cell membranes of
neurons are stimulated by a random impulse. this nerve impulse wanders along
cell processes that are up to one meter long and are called axons, to the
synapses, where <b>transport vesicles</b>
(small bags) filled with <b>neurotransmitters</b>
(i.e. dopamine) are standing by.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the transmitters
released through this nerve impulse now stimulate the reception center
(dendrites) or the neighboring target cell until it “fires” as well, thus
forwarding this signal by means of <b>action
potentials</b> (a series of electrical signal impulses) through its <b>axon</b> to the next target cell, thereby
stimulation the latter again.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the whole thing is
thus an <b>electrochemical form of signal
transmission from cell to cell</b> by means of releasing various
neurotransmitters. this happens in milliseconds up to seconds. according to
recent studies, most neurons develop several transmitters. transmitters are
stimulating, but also debilitating. drugs take advantage of this by chemically
interfering at these synapses.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>neurotransmitters</b> (in the brain): <i>glutamate</i>, important for the learning process and potentially
responsible for developing schizophrenia and maybe other diseases.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>neuromodulators</b>, which create our consciousness and our mental
state:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>dopamine</i>, our motor for happiness, desire, satisfaction, rewards and our working
memory!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>serotonin</i>, for our pleasure system and our emotional life.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>noradrenalin</i>, for attention, new stimuli, depression; in combination with adrenalin
it is also very important for our stress system in combination with adrenalin.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>acetylcholine, </i>for our memory formation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>neuropeptides</b>: <i>opioids - endorphins, </i>morphine<i> </i>created by the body to suppress pain,
but also to increase happiness. more than one hundred different types have been
discovered so far.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>vasopressin, </i>to regulate liquid volume<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>oxytocin, </i>which generally strengthens relationships, i.e. between mother and child
or between partners. sex actually raises the release of oxytocin and therefore
leads to closer relationships. additionally, sex strengthens the immune system.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>neurohormones</b>: <i>corticotropin-releasing-factor
(crf),</i> which produces the hormone <i>acth</i>.
this “axis of stress” in turn plays a key role in traumatic events.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
many readers might now
recall traumatic experiences from school. don’t worry, it’s not necessary to
understand the many complex biochemical processes up to the molecular level. i
am, however, firmly convinced that it is worth it to loosely memorize the above
mentioned terms as they will come up again when attempting to explain feelings,
mental state, pleasure through all our senses, problems of stress, learning,
conscious and unconscious experience, up to better understanding diseases and
the effectiveness of drugs. the more you hear about something – learn it –, the
better it will stay in our memory.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
our whole life is
based on learning processes, real experiences – thus psychological processes –
which influence the synapses’ willingness to transmit, in a stimulating as well
as a debilitating way. this can and must be recognized and used, particularly
also in psychotherapy. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
understanding these
complex processes in our brain and our body, and the functionality of our
subconscious in particular, in combination with the microcosm of quantum
physics and epigenetics gives us a new perspective on being human.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
sources: gerhard roth,
klaus grawe, manfred spitzer<o:p></o:p></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-28857960408311651442014-04-06T22:34:00.002+02:002014-04-06T22:34:28.478+02:00i-pen-photography<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcPNxpRvrXgKKuf7kIGCdkO2d6-sct9TmXiC9mwgc72YkyutXUf72bpBcOPjRwoQuOvugMo5BkFMNO-sQ6mn9C-WucHP5mX4-ENoKuc1DYCOemwLIroIzX6vR0T3BJfHpLLaadv9-spTvz/s1600/a02+Stranhhaus+uns+bade+korr+1+A2+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcPNxpRvrXgKKuf7kIGCdkO2d6-sct9TmXiC9mwgc72YkyutXUf72bpBcOPjRwoQuOvugMo5BkFMNO-sQ6mn9C-WucHP5mX4-ENoKuc1DYCOemwLIroIzX6vR0T3BJfHpLLaadv9-spTvz/s1600/a02+Stranhhaus+uns+bade+korr+1+A2+.jpg" height="462" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">mein sonnenschirm, 2006</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
in today’s blog 8, i’d like to present to you a
special, playful and somewhat nutty type of photography.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
in 2003, i accidentally discovered a digital camera
made by pretec in a catalogue. the camera has a special design and is intended
for a target audience with a flair for unordinary commodities, or people with
an adventurous play instinct. the camera is packed into and hidden in a
ballpoint pen and, since invisible to potential targets of its lens, designed
for “secret, spylike” photo techniques. its resolution of 480x640 pixels was
already mingy for that time and pretty much inapt to produce a somewhat clear
image. the viewfinder is a simple hole that easily fits a toothpick or dental
floss. it is absolutely inaccurate and what will eventually be in the picture
depends on the angle and distance between your eye and the viewfinder.
accordingly, the result was shocking. many pictures were off, the horizon
tilted. the “spy gadget” is powered by one aaa battery that lasts for about 50
pictures and forces me to move around as a walking supplier of batteries. to
save power, the camera turns itself off after a few seconds. therefore, i often
press the release without noticing the camera being out of order and turning it
back on with a twisting mechanism takes quite some time. many nice scenes have
therefore never been immortalized and now only remain as fugitive energy in the
universe.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
the first series of images on the monitor was not a
pretty view. all images were flat and colorless, soupy like a somber november
day. i aggressively changed the hue in photoshop as a result of my frustration,
mixed with minor curses. trial and error has always been the mantra of
evolution – and voilà, the universe wished to reconcile with me and led me on
the right path: phoenix rose from the soupy image and suddenly, images with
colorful pixel squares (almost resembling the works of paul klee) arose,
magically adding a touch of a painting. this phenomenon is particularly
impressive in pictures magnified to 60 centimetres or more.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
now the spell was broken, the cheers could not be
overheard and i was unstoppable. i already had to make sure that the pen did not
melt or even grow together with my right eye.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj6mciV4EzWJPJ5YdCypeUsRt7hPOXfmgHwVNOCl_rfi3JgoFc1A1E1o63vWokTn9VjPZUFUED-spZaupxaAD1CcsokSfcwtizUka9adaBEFx4sqcOboYVDtYodg5H7TELj-4Un8VqyzOa/s1600/selbstp+1a+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj6mciV4EzWJPJ5YdCypeUsRt7hPOXfmgHwVNOCl_rfi3JgoFc1A1E1o63vWokTn9VjPZUFUED-spZaupxaAD1CcsokSfcwtizUka9adaBEFx4sqcOboYVDtYodg5H7TELj-4Un8VqyzOa/s1600/selbstp+1a+.jpg" height="358" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">selbstporträt i-pen, 2011</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
the appearance of this not so young man with a pen
before his right eye and the encounter with this photo alien often surprises bystanders,
making them somewhat insecure about their perception. amazement, pitiful
shaking of heads, but also curious inquiries are the most frequent reactions. i
can barely count the number of dropped jaws anymore and i still find them
delighting, even though i have seen my fair share of open mouths in my previous
profession. the great attention that is drawn to this photo gadget and the
person behind it naturally leaves little room for secretive spy activity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
unfortunately, but also somewhat understandably, the
manufacturing of this photographing pen was shut down. a version without a
viewfinder that makes videos is still available. however, this makes capturing
a motif even a bit more difficult. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
maybe pretec will realize the great potential of this
pen due to the pictures in this blog and begin mass production. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
the photo to blog 8 „mein kleiner sonnenschirm“ is
part of a beach series i created in calabria in 2004. the full series is
available on this website under the tab <b>i-pen-photos</b>.
the picture “la mama am strand” beautifully represents la italianità. the
scenery was exhilarating and not only perfectly played, but also intoned in a
stunning way.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
the images on page 21, 44 and 63 of my book as well as
the picture in blog 4 were shot with the i-pen camera.<o:p></o:p></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5860049370079681922.post-45819902812195324402014-04-06T22:31:00.001+02:002014-04-06T22:31:31.671+02:00brain and knowledge<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2fMol5k8tehaeyRMv9iWUCmvJpzQzme08GtsExNMiN06LnCR0_FTXEUn1OUmpX5kSqv09g8UBS3PwHpR79uxdPicwLZjmsLdERpkbWR_5Qxsh2Ox3N7ovi-NpUCVZLR-1Aup-VRQ3cZrD/s1600/7+Wissenschaft+macht+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2fMol5k8tehaeyRMv9iWUCmvJpzQzme08GtsExNMiN06LnCR0_FTXEUn1OUmpX5kSqv09g8UBS3PwHpR79uxdPicwLZjmsLdERpkbWR_5Qxsh2Ox3N7ovi-NpUCVZLR-1Aup-VRQ3cZrD/s1600/7+Wissenschaft+macht+.jpg" height="640" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">wissenmachtschaft, 2006</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the photo in blog 7
shows the facade of the swiss federal parliament building that is fenced with
barbed wire. the title is also a
wordplay.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
writing about
creativity in blog 6, i brought up many terms such as dopamine, emotion,
intuition, reward system, luck, limbic system, “unconscious emotional center”,
stress and learning.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
seeing, sensing
photographies and experiencing art is linked to processes in the brain. this
inevitably calls upon us to learn more about these processes and to understand
them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
as i announced in
previous blogs, with each new blog i’m going to go deeper into the matter of
brain, consciousness, unconsciousness and with that quantum physics.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
our brain only weighs
1.4 kilograms, but it is our most complex organ with wisdom from 500 million
years of evolution. it is always turned on, regulating and managing all of our
bodily functions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
the brain consists of
two halves (hemispheres) that are connected by the corpus callosum. it was
believed that each hemisphere had its specific functions. however, recent
research methods have shown both halves exchanging and complementing
information, therefore working together. this leads to increased brain
performance.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
take music for an
example, where the left half processes sound elements and the right half the
“melody”. this results in music. details of a photograph are seen on the left,
the whole image on the right.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
we hence need to dissociate from the perception that logic originates from the
left and emotion/creativity from the right. humans feel, think and act
holistically through both hemispheres interchanging information.</div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
the brain contains
about 100 billion neurons (nerve cells, comparable to the number of stars on the
milky way).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
a neuron is a complex chemical plant, a microcosm. every nucleus of these
neurons contains all 35’000 genes of the individual. each neuron is a
specialist in a specific place, but always working in groups.</div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
each neuron is
connected to other neurons through up to 10,000 synapses. there are 60 trillion
of these contact points = synapses in the cortex. it is on these synaptical
clefts where the chemical transfer through neurotransmitters and
neuromodulators takes place (e.g. with aid of the messenger dopamine as
mentioned in the last blog).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
new neurons and
synapses are created during our whole life. they interconnect with each other.
this process is called neuroplasticity and is very important for the learning
process. decreased brain performance has nothing to do with age, but depends on
training!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
our experiencing,
learning, behaving and with that our consciousness and our identity are based
on this interconnectedness of neurons and their excitation patterns.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
neurons are the atoms
of perception and lead to consciousness and knowledge.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
does knowledge create
more power? how powerful is science? who leads and guides science, particularly
on ethical paths?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="DE-CH" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: DE-CH; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="DE-CH" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: DE-CH; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">sources: christof koch, norbert herschkowitz, klaus
grawe</span></div>
Urs Grunderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02987604114231579261noreply@blogger.com0